Brain tumors are lesions because there is pressure both benign and malignant space that grows in the brain, meninges and the skull.
Etiology
- History of head trauma
- Genetic factors
- Exposure to chemicals that are carsinogenik
- Certain viruses
Brain tumors occur because of proliferation or growth of abnormal cells very rapidly in areas central nervous system (CNS). These cells will continue to evolve urge healthy brain tissue around it, causing neurological disturbances (focal disruption caused by the tumor and increased intracranial pressure).
Clinical manifestations
a. Headache
The pain is deep, constant, dull and sometimes it is terrific. Usually most severe in the morning and aggravated during activity, which usually causes an increase in intra-cranial pressure is coughing, bending and straining.
b. Nausea and vomiting
As a result of stimulation of the medulla oblongata
c. Papilledema
Venous stasis causing swelling of optic nerve papilla.
Nursing Care Plan for Brain Tumor
Nursing Assessment
a. Identification of risk factors for exposure to radiation or chemicals that are carcinogenic.
b. Identify the signs and symptoms are: headache, vomiting, and decreased vision or double vision.
c. Identify any changes in client behavior.
d. Observation of hemiparese or hemiplegia.
e. Changes in sensation: hyperesthesia, paresthesia.
f. Observation of sensory changes: asteregnosis (not able to feel the sharp edges), agnosia (not able to recognize objects in general), apraxia (not being able to use the tool properly), agraphia (can not write).
g. Observation of vital signs and level of consciousness.
h. Observation circumstances fluid and electrolyte balance.
i. Psychosocial: personality and behavioral changes, difficulty making decisions, anxiety and fear of hospitalization, diagnostic tests and surgical procedures, a change in the role.
Nursing Diagnosis for Brain Tumor
1. Ineffective tissue perfusion related to circulatory damage caused by a tumor suppression.
2. Pain (Acute / Chronic) related to increased intracranial pressure.
3. Knowledge Deficit: the condition and treatment needs related to the inability to know the information.
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