Nursing Diagnosis for Intestinal Obstruction

Intestinal Obstruction is complete or partial blockage in the intestines. This blockage prevents the solids, fluids and the gases from moving from the intestines normally. The obstruction may occur either in the small intestine or large intestine. Blockage of bowel may trouble you a lot if not taken care properly. A complete intestinal obstruction may cause complete absence of gas or stool. Partial blockage may cause diarrhea.

Symptoms of Intestinal Obstruction :

• Cramping and pain
• Abdominal fullness
• Bad breath
• Abdominal bloating
• Constipation
• Diarrhea
• Vomiting
  

Causes of Intestinal Obstruction :

• Fetal and neonatal blockages are caused by the intestinal atresia where there is an absence of a part of intestine or a narrowing.
• Non mechanical obstructions are caused due to inflammation or due to the side effects or infections of certain medicines.
• Other causes are hernias, cancer and Crohn's disease.
• Sometimes a change in the food habits and life styles also causes such issues. It may make the waste material get harder and it becomes difficult to be eliminated.
• It may be due to tumors.
• Narrowing or twisting of intestines or scar tissues may be one of the reasons. Such blockages are mechanical blockage.
• In addition to changed food habits, changes in the water intake as well as exercise changes may also lead to bowel obstruction sometimes.
• Bowel obstruction may sometimes be due to the changes within the walls of abdomen area, bowel lumen or external to the belly area.

Nursing Diagnosis for Intestinal Obstruction

1. Deficient Fluid Volume related to nausea, vomiting, fever or diaphoresis.

Goal:

• Fluid requirements are met

Expected outcomes are:

• Normal vital signs
• Balanced input and output
  

2. Acute Pain related to distention, rigidity.

Goal:

• The pain is resolved or controlled
  

Expected outcomes are:

• Patients revealed a decrease discomfort
• States pain level can be tolerated,
• Indicate relaxed.

3. Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to abdominal distension and or rigidity.

Goal:

• The pattern of breathing becomes effective.
  

Expected outcomes are:

• Patients showed the ability to do breathing exercises
• Breathing deeply and slowly.

4. Anxiety related to crisis situations and changes in health status.

Goal:

• Anxiety is resolved

Expected outcomes are:

• Patients expressed an understanding of current disease
• Demonstrating positive kooping skills in dealing with anxiety.

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Nursing Interventions for Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Nursing Diagnosis for Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) :

1. Impaired Urinary Elimination
2. Knowledge Deficit

Nursing Interventions for Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) :

1. Impaired Urinary Elimination related to mechanical obstruction of the bladder or other urinary tract structures.

Expected outcomes are:

• Improved elimination pattern, not the signs urinary disorders (urgency, oliguri, dysuria)

Nursing Interventions Impaired Urinary Elimination of UTI :

a. Monitor input and output characteristics of the urine.
Rational: provides information about renal function and presence of complications

b. Determine the patient's voiding patterns
c. Encourage increased fluid intake
Rationale: increased hydration will flush the bacteria.

d. Review the full bladder complaints
Rational: urinary retention may occur causing tissue distension (bladder / kidney)

e. Observations of changes in mental status:, behavior or level of consciousness
Rational: the accumulation of residual uremic and electrolyte imbalance can be toxic to the central nervous system

f. Unless contraindicated: reposition the patient every two hours
Rational: To prevent static urine

g. Collaboration:
- Monitor laboratory tests: electrolytes, creatinine
Rational: control of renal dysfunction
- Take action to keep the urine acid: increase input berry juice and give medicines to increase urine aam.
Rational: aam urine inhibit the growth of germs. Increased input juice may affect the treatment of urinary tract infections.

2. Knowledge Deficit: about condition, prognosis, and treatment needs related to the lack of sources of information.

Expected outcomes are:

• Expressed understanding of the condition, diagnostic examination, treatment plan, self-care and preventive measures.

Nursing Interventions Knowledge Deficit of UTI :

a. The review process of the disease and hope that will come
Rational: provides basic knowledge which the patient can make an informed choice.

b. Provide information on: sources of infection, measures to prevent the spread, explain the administration of antibiotics, diagnostic examination: objectives, a brief overview, preparation required prior to inspection, examination after treatment.
Rational: knowledge of what is expected to reduce anxiety and help develop client adherence to therapeutic plan.

c. Make sure the patient, or the people closest to have written agreements for continued treatment and written instructions for care after the examination
Rational: verbal instructions can be easily forgotten.

d. Instruct patient to use a given drug, drink as much as approximately eight glasses a day, especially berry juices.
Rationale: Patients often discontinue their medication, if the signs of the disease subsided. Fluids to help flush the kidneys. Pyruvic acid from berry juice helps to maintain the state of the urine acid and prevent bacterial growth.

e. Provide the opportunity for patients to express feelings and concerns about the treatment plan.
Rational: To detect the signal indicative of the possibility of non-compliance and help to develop a therapeutic plan acceptance.

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